Can Birth Control Cause Depression and Other Side Effects?

Birth Control, usually referring to oral contraceptives or hormonal contraception, can sometimes cause side effects of depression. Birth control options can vary between the pill, vaginal rings, hormonal IUDs and more. Birth control side effects may vary by different hormone levels, methods of delivery, history of depression or mood disorders, and more. Other side effects of birth control can include weight gain, mood changes, fluctuation of menstrual cycles, and other mood symptoms. If you are struggling with depression and using birth control to manage your reproductive health, reach out to us to learn more about depression treatment today, or read more below.

can birth control cause depression

Understanding How Birth Control Works

In the body’s natural menstrual cycle, low levels of progesterone and estrogen cause the hypothalamus to send a releasing hormone (GnRH) to the pituitary gland, signaling that the menstruation cycle can begin. Birth control hacks the reproductive system by using the body’s negative feedback system to prevent ovulation and implantation of an embryo, in the same way the hormones provided by the placenta halt the female cycle during pregnancy.1 Synthetic estrogen and progestin (a form of progesterone) in the pills travel through the bloodstream to the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.2 Depending upon the type of birth control, whether it’s oral contraceptive, or a hormonal IUD implant, the hormones involved may vary. Additionally, estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones may have different side effects.

Popular Forms of Birth Control Methods

  • IUD (intrauterine devices)
  • Birth control pills (oral contraceptive)
  • Vaginal ring
  • Minipills (progestin-only)
  • Birth control patch

Find out about our free assessments and admissions process

We accept most major insurance providers and can check your coverage levels for you.

If we are not an appropriate provider for care, we will assist in finding a care provider that can help. 

Oral Contraception and Depression

Recent studies have found that combined oral contraceptive use in women who previously had experienced emotional side effects resulted in mood deterioration, and the use of oral contraceptives was also accompanied by changes in emotional brain reactivity.3 Another study evaluated major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder (PD) in a nationally representative sample of women in the USA. Women using oral contraceptives had a lower past-year prevalence of all disorders assessed, other than subthreshold Major Depressive Disorder.4 What that means, is that the prevalence of these disorders increased while on oral contraceptives. In another study of women, Seventy-nine women completed the study, 38% continued oral contraceptive pills, 47% discontinued, and 14% switched to another form of oral contraception. Emotional side effects, worsening of PMS, decreased frequency of sexual thoughts, and decreased psychosexual arousability correctly categorized 87% of cases.5 Some studies have found that hormonal contraceptives have a lower risk of depression than oral contraceptives.

Hormonal Contraception and Depression

Recent studies have shown that all forms of hormonal contraception were associated with an increased risk of developing depression, with higher risks associated with the progesterone-only forms, including the IUD. This risk was higher in teens ages 15 to 19, and especially for non-oral forms of birth control such as the ring, patch and IUD.6 Another study correlated that the use of hormonal contraception, especially among adolescents, was associated with subsequent use of antidepressants and a first diagnosis of depression, suggesting depression as a potential adverse effect of hormonal contraceptive use.7

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

PMDD is a disordered form of PMS (premenstrual syndrome) that is characterized by mood swings. Though PMS and PMDD are not forms of depression, their symptoms may often be confused. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe variant of premenstrual syndrome that afflicts approximately 5% of all women of fertile age.8

More About Depression

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that is known for causing persistent sadness, a loss of interest in pleasurable activities, and a range of other emotional and physical symptoms. Symptoms of depression can affect your daily routine, relationships, and overall quality of life.

 

Individuals who find themselves struggling with helplessness, hopelessness and isolation often benefit from comprehensive mental health treatment. A Mission For Michael has multiple behavioral health centers that offer whole-person care located in California, Minnesota, and Virginia. Our treatment programs blend the use of traditional and holistic treatment methods to provide optimal care.

 

We provide treatment for a range of mental health disorders, including dual diagnosis conditions. Your treatment journey will begin with a comprehensive depressive assessment so that we can understand the full scope of your depression symptoms. From there, we can review your depression treatment options and help you get the care you need. Continue reading for more information regarding the causes of depression, and how treatment can help you overcome depression.

Depression Treatment Options

Inpatient Treatment for Depression

Inpatient Treatment for Depression refers to residential, or live-in mental health care programming in a facility. Inpatient treatment allows you or your loved one to engage in interpersonal therapy with licensed therapists and group therapy sessions, while healing in a safe and supportive environment. Inpatient mental health programming for depression usually also provides the highest level of care, with 24/7 clinical care, psychiatry and medication management, and personalized treatment plans for lasting well-being.

Outpatient Treatment for Depression

Outpatient Treatment (IOP or PHP) programs offer comprehensive mental health care at a more flexible schedule, with both in-person and virtual options available. Unlike residential care, outpatient treatment can offer online therapy and programming, but without 24/7 clinical teams on staff. Outpatient treatment plans still offer a combination of individual and group therapy, through a holistic approach, but in a less structured environment.

If you have been struggling with one or more of the depression symptoms we have mentioned, know that you’re not alone. A Mission For Michael has admission counselors available around the clock to help determine which treatment options can assist you in managing depression. Contact us today to begin your confidential and free mental health assessment.

Psychiatric Treatment for Depression

There are a variety of different antidepressant medications that have been proven as effective treatment (in combination with psychological treatment) for depression. Some types of antidepressants are listed here, but inquire with a licensed clinician or psychiatrist for detailed information on different treatments. Never take psychiatric medication unless it is prescribed to you, and be sure to consult with medical professionals in case of external risk factors. 

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)are antidepressant medications that treat different neurotransmitters in order to block the reabsorption of serotonin or norepinephrine, keeping more of the chemicals in the synaptic cleft. Both are effective treatments for depression, but depend upon the individual, and should be approached with medical guidance and professional advice. Click here to learn more about the importance of medication management

Request A Call Back

"*" indicates required fields

This field is hidden when viewing the form
This field is hidden when viewing the form

By submitting this form you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy and give my express written consent for AMFM Healthcare to contact me at the number provided above, even if this number is a wireless number or if I am presently listed on a Do Not Call list.

I understand that I may be contacted by telephone, email, text message or mail regarding my disability benefit case options and that I may be called using automatic dialing equipment. Message and data rates may apply. My consent does not require purchase. Message frequency varies. Text HELP for help. Reply STOP to unsubscribe.

Disclaimer

What to expect

Contact From Admission Representative:

Complete the form to receive a prompt call back from a member of our experienced and compassionate admissions staff. All communication is 100% confidential.

Popular Forms of Therapeutic Treatment for Depression

Therapeutic Treatment for depression is always recommended, whether in combination with psychiatric care, or separately from psychiatry. While small lifestyle changes like daily physical activity, regular exercise, and stepping outside into the sunlight when possible are helpful tactics, psychotherapy is highly regarded as the most effective method of mental health care for those struggling with mental disorders.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a form of therapy that’s focused on restructuring and reprogramming maladaptive and negative thought processes. Psychologists are trained to help you change your cognitive and emotional processes in order to outgrow coping mechanisms that may no longer be serving you.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is most commonly referred to as “talk therapy,” and is designed to help process emotions. Qualified professionals offer psychological therapy to move forward with healthy ways of engaging in interpersonal relationships and alleviating physical and emotional distress.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR)

EMDR Therapy is a renowned method of reprocessing most often used in trauma therapy. By activating the prefrontal cortex through a series of bilateral stimulation, qualified professionals can lead you through traumatic experiences, helping you to alleviate the distress symptomized by trauma.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

ECT is a form of “Shock Therapy,” designed for brain stimulation, and only utilized in cases of severe depression. While ECT has historically gotten a bad reputation, when properly administered it can be a useful tool for those who cannot accept psychiatric assistance.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

TMS is a type of therapy that uses magnetic pulses to treat depression by stimulating certain areas of the brain. This is a noninvasive method of treatment that some mental health programs offer.

Does Health Insurance Cover Treatment for Depression Disorder Near Me?

Yes, most health insurance companies provide some form of coverage for depression treatment. This often includes both inpatient and outpatient care, depending on your symptoms. Coverage generally applies to therapy, counseling, and medication management services. Your plan may have limitations, exclusions, or required authorizations. We encourage you to verify your coverage with AMFM Mental Health Treatment to understand the full scope of your benefits. 

Call Now

Verify Your Insurance

What to Expect

Insurance Verification
Our team will verify if your insurance provider is in-network with an AMFM Healthcare Facility.

 


 

Contact From Admission Representative:
Expect a call within an hour from an admissions representative to discuss treatment options.

Public Broadcasting Service. (n.d.). How the pill works. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pill-how-pill-works/ 

Gingnell M, Engman J, Frick A, Moby L, Wikström J, Fredrikson M, Sundström-Poromaa I. Oral contraceptive use changes brain activity and mood in women with previous negative affect on the pill–a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of a levonorgestrel-containing combined oral contraceptive. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Jul;38(7):1133-44. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.006. Epub 2012 Dec 6. PMID: 23219471.

Cheslack-Postava K, Keyes KM, Lowe SR, Koenen KC. Oral contraceptive use and psychiatric disorders in a nationally representative sample of women. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2015 Feb;18(1):103-11. doi: 10.1007/s00737-014-0453-4. Epub 2014 Aug 13. PMID: 25113319; PMCID: PMC4308571.

Sanders SA, Graham CA, Bass JL, Bancroft J. A prospective cohort study of the effects of oral contraceptives on sexuality and well-being and their relationship to discontinuation. Contraception. 2001 Jul;64(1):51-8. doi: 10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00218-9. PMID: 11535214.

Monique Tello, M. (2019, October 1). Can hormonal birth control trigger depression?. Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/can-hormonal-birth-control-trigger-depression-201610172517 

Skovlund CW, Mørch LS, Kessing LV, Lidegaard Ø. Association of Hormonal Contraception With Depression. Systematic review. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 1;73(11):1154-1162. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2387. Erratum in: JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 1;74(7):764. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1446. PMID: 27680324.

Landén M, Eriksson E. How does premenstrual dysphoric disorder relate to depression and anxiety disorders? Depress Anxiety. 2003;17(3):122-9. doi: 10.1002/da.10089. PMID: 12768646.