Executive functioning skills enable us to focus, remember, plan, and perform tasks. These skills are controlled by the frontal lobe and are significant in memory, self-control, and flexible thinking. When executive functioning isn’t working as it should, people may experience problems controlling their behavior. Examples include having trouble with time management, maintaining relationships, completing tasks, and staying organized.
A common reason executive dysfunction occurs is depression. This is because depression can affect several areas of the brain, such as the frontal lobe, which is where executive functions are primarily located. The signs and symptoms of executive dysfunction may vary depending on the severity of the depression.1
Additionally, damage to the frontal lobe from an injury or a congenital condition may cause difficulties developing and performing executive functioning skills. Executive dysfunction depression is a common condition that can be treated with therapy and medication.
People with executive functioning disorder may come across as lacking willpower or drive; however, this is because they are not in control of their level of executive functioning skills. In other words, tasks, functions, and activities that come naturally to others do not come naturally to them.
Executive function problems look different with each person, but there are some executive dysfunction symptoms that are more common. Some examples of situations people with executive dysfunction deal with are detailed below.
This may present difficulties meeting deadlines or goals, always running late, or losing track of time.
Someone with executive function issues may not keep an organized home or workspace and may struggle to plan.
There are several potential executive dysfunction causes. Some people are born with high executive function, while some are born with weak executive function. Others may have a condition that causes executive dysfunction, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression.2
Other executive dysfunction causes include:
This condition is not found in the DSM-5, and there is no diagnosis called “executive dysfunction disorder” or “executive functioning disorder.” However, some people who struggle with executive function problems may consider the term executive function disorder or executive dysfunction disorder.
There are some executive dysfunction tests that clinicians use to identify issues with executive functioning:
The Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scale (CBRS) is a multiple-choice test to screen children for ADHD symptoms, including trouble with executive function skills. Parents and the children’s teachers will also complete a questionnaire about the children’s behavior.
The Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) is a tool that is available in two separate versions—for adults and for children and adolescents. This is a self-test that can be completed by oneself to help determine a possible executive functioning deficiency. The questions ask about organization skills, emotions, and other parts of executive function that people experience in daily life.
Along with therapy, medication, and support from loved ones, there are some things people can try in their daily life to manage executive dysfunction.3
Regular meditation can boost concentration and focus. It can also improve sleep, anxiety, depression, and stress. Improving these factors can, in turn, improve executive function.
Sleep can impact us more than we realize, especially for those who struggle with executive function. While getting enough rest won’t cure executive dysfunction, it can greatly impact one’s ability to focus, be productive, and have a stable mood. As a result, people may find it easier to complete tasks and regulate emotions.
The above techniques can help manage executive dysfunction, but people may find the most useful executive dysfunction coping skills and treatment when working with professionals. Many people can improve their executive functioning with therapy.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used for executive dysfunction because it teaches people to recognize unwanted behaviors and replace them with more helpful ones. It can also aid in teaching how to handle difficult emotions, cope with stress, and create routines to better manage time and daily tasks.
Another effective treatment is holistic therapy, which aims to heal the mind, body, and spirit. Holistic therapy may include art or music therapy or other creative treatments that allow people to express themselves and release any negative emotions. These therapies teach healthy coping mechanisms to utilize when struggling with executive dysfunction symptoms while improving mental health.
Inpatient treatment is another treatment option. It takes place in a behavioral health center, where people stay at the center 100% of the time to get the intensive treatment they need. This type of treatment is usually best for people who have depression and executive function issues.
Outpatient programs are another great option, offering the intensive and focused care of inpatient treatment without jeopardizing one’s schedule. People spend some time each day at a facility and are able to continue their usual routine, giving them a chance to utilize the skills they learn in therapy.
Therapy can help anyone with executive dysfunction, regardless of the cause. Executive function therapy typically involves: 4
If you’re looking for an in-depth, personalized treatment to improve your executive function, A Mission for Michael can give you just that. Our highly-specialized team understands and acknowledges the uniqueness of each person’s situation and condition, so we ensure each treatment plan is personalized to your needs.
We’re fully equipped to diagnose and treat mental illnesses of all levels and provide high-quality, compassionate care to help you heal and live your best life. Contact us today to learn more.
AMFM is here to help you or your loved one take the next steps towards an improved mental well-being.
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